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Paradigm Generator
Indicative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskeraltam | om eskeralt |
| 2SG: | eskeraltat | ot eskeralt |
| 3SG: | eskeralteš | ok/ogeš eskeralt |
| 1PL: | eskeraltə̑na | ona/ogə̑na eskeralt |
| 2PL: | eskeraltə̑da | oda/ogə̑da eskeralt |
| 3PL: | eskeraltə̑t | ogə̑t eskeralt |
Indicative Simple Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskeraltə̑m | šə̑m eskeralt |
| 2SG: | eskeraltə̑č́ | šə̑č́ eskeralt |
| 3SG: | eskeralte | ə̑š eskeralt |
| 1PL: | eskeraltna | ə̑šna eskeralt |
| 2PL: | eskeraltda | ə̑šda eskeralt |
| 3PL: | eskeraltə̑č́ | ə̑št eskeralt |
Indicative Simple Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskeraltə̑nam | eskeraltə̑n omə̑l |
| 2SG: | eskeraltə̑nat | eskeraltə̑n otə̑l |
| 3SG: | eskeraltə̑n | eskeraltə̑n ogə̑l |
| 1PL: | eskeraltə̑nna | eskeraltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal |
| 2PL: | eskeraltə̑nda | eskeraltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal |
| 3PL: | eskeraltə̑nə̑t | eskeraltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l |
Indicative Compound Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskeraltam ə̑l'e | om eskeralt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | eskeraltat ə̑l'e | ot eskeralt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | eskeralteš ə̑l'e | ok/ogeš eskeralt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | eskeraltə̑na ə̑l'e | ona/ogə̑na eskeralt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | eskeraltə̑da ə̑l'e | oda/ogə̑da eskeralt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | eskeraltə̑t ə̑l'e | ogə̑t eskeralt ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskeraltam ulmaš | om eskeralt ulmaš |
| 2SG: | eskeraltat ulmaš | ot eskeralt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | eskeralteš ulmaš | ok/ogeš eskeralt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | eskeraltə̑na ulmaš | ona/ogə̑na eskeralt ulmaš |
| 2PL: | eskeraltə̑da ulmaš | oda/ogə̑da eskeralt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | eskeraltə̑t ulmaš | ogə̑t eskeralt ulmaš |
Indicative Compound Past III
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskeraltə̑nam ə̑l'e | eskeraltə̑n omə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | eskeraltə̑nat ə̑l'e | eskeraltə̑n otə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | eskeraltə̑n ə̑l'e | eskeraltə̑n ogə̑l ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | eskeraltə̑nna ə̑l'e | eskeraltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | eskeraltə̑nda ə̑l'e | eskeraltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | eskeraltə̑nə̑t ə̑l'e | eskeraltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ə̑l'e |
Indicative Compound Past IV
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskeraltə̑nam ulmaš | eskeraltə̑n omə̑l ulmaš |
| 2SG: | eskeraltə̑nat ulmaš | eskeraltə̑n otə̑l ulmaš |
| 3SG: | eskeraltə̑n ulmaš | eskeraltə̑n ogə̑l ulmaš |
| 1PL: | eskeraltə̑nna ulmaš | eskeraltə̑n onal/ogə̑nal ulmaš |
| 2PL: | eskeraltə̑nda ulmaš | eskeraltə̑n odal/ogə̑dal ulmaš |
| 3PL: | eskeraltə̑nə̑t ulmaš | eskeraltə̑n ogə̑tə̑l ulmaš |
Imperative
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | eskeralt | it eskeralt |
| 3SG: | eskeraltše | ə̑nže eskeralt |
| 1PL: | (eskeraltə̑na) | (ona/ogə̑na eskeralt) |
| 2PL: | eskeraltsa | ida eskeralt |
| 3PL: | eskeraltə̑št | ə̑nə̑št eskeralt |
Desiderative Present
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskeraltnem | ə̑nem eskeralt |
| 2SG: | eskeraltnet | ə̑net eskeralt |
| 3SG: | eskeraltneže | ə̑než eskeralt |
| 1PL: | eskeraltnena | ə̑nena eskeralt |
| 2PL: | eskeraltneda | ə̑neda eskeralt |
| 3PL: | eskeraltnešt | ə̑nešt eskeralt |
Desiderative Past I
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | eskeraltnem ə̑l'e | ə̑nem eskeralt ə̑l'e |
| 2SG: | eskeraltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑net eskeralt ə̑l'e |
| 3SG: | eskeraltneže ə̑l'e | ə̑než eskeralt ə̑l'e |
| 1PL: | eskeraltnena ə̑l'e | ə̑nena eskeralt ə̑l'e |
| 2PL: | eskeraltneda ə̑l'e | ə̑neda eskeralt ə̑l'e |
| 3PL: | eskeraltnešt ə̑l'e | ə̑nešt eskeralt ə̑l'e |
Desiderative Past II
| Positive | Negative | |
|---|---|---|
| 1SG: | / | / |
| 2SG: | eskeraltnet ulmaš | ə̑net eskeralt ulmaš |
| 3SG: | eskeraltneže ulmaš | ə̑než eskeralt ulmaš |
| 1PL: | / | / |
| 2PL: | eskeraltneda ulmaš | ə̑neda eskeralt ulmaš |
| 3PL: | eskeraltnešt ulmaš | ə̑nešt eskeralt ulmaš |
Non-finite forms
| Infinitive: | eskeraltaš |
| Necessitive infinitive: | eskeraltman |
| Active participle: | eskeraltše |
| Passive participle: | eskeraltme |
| Future-necessitive participle: | eskeraltšaš |
| Negative participle: | eskeraltdə̑me |
| Affirmative instructive gerund: | eskeraltə̑n |
| Negative gerund: | eskeraltde |
| Gerund of prior action: | eskeraltmek(e) |
| Gerund of future action: | eskeraltmeš(ke) |
| Gerund of simultaneous action: | eskeraltšə̑la |
| Nominalization: | eskeraltmaš |
| Negative nominalization: | eskeraltdə̑maš |
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| The Mari Web Project is primarily based at the Department of Finno-Ugric Studies at the University of Vienna. The second stage of the project is being funded by the Kone Foundation: The Mari Web Project: Phase 2. Some of our work is carried out at the Institute of Finno-Ugric and Uralic Studies at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. | ||
| Last update: 10 August 2023 | ||